That means that the employer should help employees satisfy lower-order needs like safety and security and social needs. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Identify situational conditions. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! The theory of multiple intelligences, developed by Howard Gardner, posits that humans can possess eight different types of intelligence: musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. c.) physiological, safety, and social. In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. exports to Europe? Instincts are our natural, fundamental needs, basic to our survival. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. To like to laugh and make jokes. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. List of Organizational Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions with Answers: Q1. Genetic Theory of Aging. To fight. trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. e) ERG theory, 65. A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. c) supervision. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. b) ERG High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. 60. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. a) Safety, social, physiological, esteem, and self-actualization But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. d) tacit negative inequity Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . b. integrative. Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. d.) Goal setting If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. b) valence Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. Solve the application problem involving cash and trade discounts. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. When nAch is being expressed, making it a manifest need, people try hard to succeed at whatever task theyre doing. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. A problem often discussed in the engineering economy literature is the "oil-well pump problem." a) work itself. Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? Again, there are no easy answers. Researchers have used it to identify the wide range of factors that influence worker reactions. a. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. e. Carl Jung. To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. b) It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. 51. Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? To attack, injure, or kill another. B. Instilling faith-hope . Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site a) Esteem, social, and safety In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. a) ERG theory To form and further an erotic relationship. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. With no trains running, MTA employees are able to inspect signals, replace rails and crossties, scrape track floors, clean stations, and paint areas that are not reachable during normal train operation. But he also believes that each need can be taught, especially nAch. the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. To achieve cleanliness, arrangement, organization, balance, neatness, tidiness, and precision. Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. true. Why or why not? Strengthening flexible lines of defense According to Rogers' theory "continuous and mutual interaction between man and environment' is termed as: Integrality Which is NOT a concept related to Faye Abdellah's theory? Round to the nearest cent. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. ______________ is classified as a content theory. They have very strong desires for feedback about how well they are doing. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . Can't attend? e) Interactional justice. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . It is too easy. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. Motivators relate to job content. Operant Conditioning Theory Operant conditioning theory is the simplest of the motivation theories. Job context factors include all of the following except. Why? SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. e) relatedness factors. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and so on. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. Multiple Choice Quiz. Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives Once satisfied, challenging jobs, additional responsibilities, and prestigious job titles can help employees satisfy higher-order esteem needs. c) It can vary across cultures. e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? c. He relied on correlational methods. a) Lower-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. e) working longer hours. To put things in order. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. A disaster may be domestic or international b. A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. Refinements of Maslows theory in recent years reflect this more limited hierarchy.11 The self-assessment below will allow you to evaluate the strength of your five needs. McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. a) achievement Ans: e Page: 102 Match each vocabulary term to its definition. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. To have sexual intercourse. Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. c) When a person will react to specific management styles 48. existence Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. 35. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. To avoid humiliation. But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? The twenty-one Nursing Problems C. Restorative Care Needs D. Therapeutic Self-care Demands c) Expectancy SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. A. Susternal Care Needs B. d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. 36. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. They actively seek out performance feedback. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. Which theory is based on the phenomenon of social comparison which states that people will act to eliminate any perceived inequity in the rewards they receive for their work in comparison with the rewards that others receive? c) affiliation 47. Equity Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? a. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Successful managers tend to be high in this type of nPow. d) affiliation factors Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the adaptive modes includes all the following, EXCEPT: A. Physiologic Needs B. Self Concept C. Role Function D. Interdependence E. Achievement Answer Key 4. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? e) ERG, 68. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. d) Higher and lower-order needs become equally important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization Management theories include methods and practices that companies follow to manage their employees and maintain good employee relations effectively. 6. Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. According to his theory, people first direct their attention to satisfying their lower-order needs. a) distributive justice (Credit: Patrick Cashin/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), Corporate Social Responsibility as a Motivating Force, (Credit: Adrenalin Tim /flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), (Attribution: Copyright Rice University, OpenStax, under CC-BY 4.0 license), Satisfying Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Needs, Jamie Dimon, CEO at JP Morgan Chase, is reported to make $27 million dollars per year, and as CEO has an interesting and intrinsically rewarding job. b) instrumentalities See Answer. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. d) specific goals lead to lower performance Match leadership to the conditions at hand. But managers use theory every day. b) satisfier factors When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. are licensed under a, Major Characteristics of the Manager's Job, How the Brain Processes Information to Make Decisions: Reflective and Reactive Systems, Administrative and Bureaucratic Management, External and Internal Organizational Environments and Corporate Culture, The Internal Organization and External Environments, Organizing for Change in the 21st Century, Ethics, Corporate Responsibility, and Sustainability, Dimensions of Ethics: The Individual Level, Ethical Principles and Responsible Decision-Making, Leadership: Ethics at the Organizational Level, Ethics, Corporate Culture, and Compliance, Emerging Trends in Ethics, CSR, and Compliance, Cultural Stereotyping and Social Institutions, Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs, Trends in Entrepreneurship and Small-Business Ownership, Strategic Analysis: Understanding a Firms Competitive Environment, Gaining Advantages by Understanding the Competitive Environment, A Firm's External Macro Environment: PESTEL, A Firm's Micro Environment: Porter's Five Forces, Competition, Strategy, and Competitive Advantage, The Strategic Management Process: Achieving and Sustaining Competitive Advantage, The Role of Strategic Analysis in Formulating a Strategy, Strategic Objectives and Levels of Strategy, Planning Firm Actions to Implement Strategies, Measuring and Evaluating Strategic Performance, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Influencing Employee Performance and Motivation, Talent Development and Succession Planning, Benefits and Challenges of Workplace Diversity, Situational (Contingency) Approaches to Leadership, Substitutes for and Neutralizers of Leadership, Transformational, Visionary, and Charismatic Leadership, Opportunities and Challenges to Team Building, Factors Affecting Communications and the Roles of Managers, Managerial Communication and Corporate Reputation, The Major Channels of Management Communication Are Talking, Listening, Reading, and Writing, Formal Organizational Planning in Practice, Management by Objectives: A Planning and Control Technique, The Control- and Involvement-Oriented Approaches to Planning and Controlling, MTIIts Importance Now and In the Future, External Sources of Technology and Innovation, Internal Sources of Technology and Innovation, Management Entrepreneurship Skills for Technology and Innovation, Managing Now for Future Technology and Innovation, The New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority undertook a new approach to how they perform critical inspection and maintenance of subway components that are necessary to providing reliable service. c) hygiene factors b. through empirical analysis. Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 d) Higher-order Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. b. providing a value system. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. e) It is not commonly used outside of the United States. a) Acquired needs theory So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. To vindicate the ego. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. a) Positive inequity This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. This makes nAch a personality trait as well as a statement about motivation. safety. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. a.) a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence To control ones human environment. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. Further, evidence in support of the three need categories and their order tends to be stronger than evidence for Maslows five need categories and their relative order. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. integrative. d. The theory is unscientific. Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. e) base wage or salary. Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. a) It is a content theory of motivation. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). Effective managers carefully assess the degree to which people have high or low nAff. a) expectancies Biology questions and answers. ) Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. The Prison Expansion Era. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and does not interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client, instead remaining a calm, nonjudgmental listener while the client talks. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. One major implication of Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory is the somewhat counterintuitive idea that managers should focus more on motivators than on hygienes. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. d) Clayton Alderfer According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. Understand the content theories of motivation. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. We say these people have a high achievement motive. d) Safety (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Motivators, which relate to the jobs we perform and our ability to feel a sense of achievement as a result of performing them, are rooted in our need to experience growth and self-actualization. Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Thus, an employee can be dissatisfied with low pay. b) Equity As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. b) Hierarchy of needs theory Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. 1 . Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? It doesnt matter whether the information implies success or failure. e) Frederick Herzberg. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. An example of commutative justice occurs when all parties in a sexual harassment complaint perceive themselves as having full access to all the available facts and information. This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. c) top-down goals. b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. 49. Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. c) sense of responsibility. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards . OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. d) ERG theory provides a timeline for action, but Maslow's theory does not. A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All of the following are reasons to examine criminological theories of crime EXCEPT ______., A criminal justice professional who does not understand criminal justice research is comparable to a ______., Criminological theories are all of the following EXCEPT ______. e) relatedness. [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider.

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