Some birds, such as flamingos and certain species of duck, are also filter feeders. But, what exactly are they? It was only relatively recently that scientists became aware of this large shark. 19 May 2008. Filter feeders can play an important role in clarifying water, and are therefore considered ecosystem engineers. Once the whale shark has a mouthful of food, it closes its mouth. Most bivalves are filter feeders (although some have taken up scavenging and predation), extracting organic matter from the sea in which they live. They tend to feed near the surface and often by the mouths of rivers, and will eat continuously around the clock. For all it's formidable size, growing to lengths of over 40 feet (12.5 meters), the whale shark is a filter feeder like many species of large whales (hence the name). Filter feeders can also indicate the health of water. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-filter-feeder-2291891. Marine Pollution Bull. 191192. The Megalodon was a massive predator, almost like a T-Rex of the sea, hunting large sea mammals, whales, large fish, and . They are often found close to the surface but have been known to dive as deeply as 2,990 feet. Size: At lengths of up to 20-26 feet, the basking shark is the second largest fish behind the whale shark. (May 5, 2008)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/25501/animal, Croll, Donald A. and Bernie R. Tershy. Another, smaller, filter feeding shark is the megamouth shark, a species named for its huge mouth. While specimens average 23-28 feet (7-8.5 m) in length, some basking sharks can grow up to 30-36 feet (9-11 m). This shark species may even be larger than great white sharks. They are useful as they are sessile, which means they are closely representative of the environment where they are sampled or placed (caging), and they breathe water all the time, exposing their gills and internal tissues: bioaccumulation. A few types of whales are filter feeders. Mysids have a high resistance to toxins in polluted areas, and may contribute to high toxin levels in their predators. Bivalve are also largely used as bioindicators to monitor the health of an aquatic environment, either fresh- or seawater. Stomatosuchidae is a family of freshwater crocodylomorphs with rorqual-like jaws and minuscule teeth, and the unrelated Cenozoic Mourasuchus shares similar adaptations. Bivalve shellfish recycle nutrients that enter waterways from human and agricultural sources. Of course, there must be a critical concentration of food particles in the water, or the filter feeder will starve. They are an important food source for herring, cod, flounder, and striped bass. New York, NY: Facts on File. They have wide flat heads, with a rounded snout containing a massive, 4.9 feet wide mouth. Though they are all large, docile creatures that feed on small plankton, they each have unique characteristics to their species. Initially thought to feed like basking sharks, a study of their anatomy revealed weak jaw muscles that wouldnt be able to sustain an expanded jaw. Stomatosuchidae is a family of freshwater crocodylomorphs with rorqual-like jaws and minuscule teeth, and the unrelated Cenozoic Mourasuchus shares similar adaptations. "Building a Better Mouth Trap." Mysidacea are small crustaceans that live close to shore and hover above the sea floor, constantly collecting particles with their filter basket. Combined with its lacustrine environment, it might have occupied a similar ecological niche. A few specimens, like the one newly acquired by the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, are preserved in museums and institutions and are the basis for a lot of what we know about them. The spotted wobbegong is a type of carpet shark that lives in the waters around southern Australia. The Megamouth Sharks mouth is surrounded by bioluminescent organs called photophores that illuminate. It uses its gill rakers when it swims forward and opens its mouth. Here's a list of 20 different fascinating types of shark species from all over the world. [21], Prions are specialised petrels with filter-feeding habits. Basking sharks collect plankton by expanding their mouth wide open and swimming through the water at a continuous pace, a method called ram feeding, while whale sharks primarily capture food in bursts by quickly expanding their jaws and inhaling amid a cloud of plankton. The dark areas of the shark are covered with numerous light spots and stripes, making up a unique fingerprint that marine biologists can use to identify individuals. The whale shark is an elusive, harmless, and gentle filter feeder. The Basking Sharks' diet consists almost entirely of a single genus of copepod (Calanus), with a smattering of fish eggs and arrow-worms; this prey specificity suggests Metabolic wastes are also transferred to the water through diffusion. The whale shark feeds by opening its mouth and sucking in water, which then passes through the gills. The whale shark is a 'filter feeder shark' which means it does not eat meat like other sharks. Megamouth Sharks can grow to 18 feet in length. (May 5, 2008)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/207047/filter-feeding, Hecht, Jeff. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? One of the longest whale sharks ever discovered was around 62 feet in length. Despite their intimidating size, these gentle giants are filter feeders and feed on plankton and small fish. Certain type of jellyfish have an interesting mechanism that they use for filter feeding. The prey is then drawn to the body by contracting the fibres in a corkscrew fashion (image taken with an ecoSCOPE). Adult menhaden can filter up to four gallons of water a minute and play an important role in clarifying ocean water. Some filter feeders, like certain whales, may feed on other filter feeders. In fact, this type of shark is so large that its eggs are twice the size of an ostrich's. The whale shark is a type of carpet shark. Instead of teeth, these whales have baleen, or plates made out of keratin, the same material that makes up our hair and fingernails. Its open mouth draws water through it and traps small species such as krill, plankton, copepods, jellyfish, and shrimp as a filter feeder. They tend to be dark blue-gray, gray-brown, dark gray, or black on their top and sides with a light or white-colored belly. Just over 100 megamouth shark sightings have been recorded since their discovery and many of these were the result of entanglement in fishing gear. This is accomplished using cilia, which are thin filaments that beat to produce a current over water over the gills. Complete the sentence by inferring information about the italicized word from its context. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans, the toothed whales (Odontoceti). A filter feeder, also known as a suspension feeder, is any animal that obtains food by filtering water for nutritious particles. Megamouth sharks have protruding mouths that grow to an average of 4.3 feet wide. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. What is their original color? Mussel farming as a nutrient reduction measure in the Baltic Sea: consideration of nutrient biogeochemical cycles. The extinct swan Annakacygna is speculated to be a filter-feeder due to its bill proportions being similar to those of shoveler ducks. ! Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Whale Sharks are the largest and most active feeders, Basking Sharks look like deadly Great White Sharks but are really slow passive feeders, and Megamouths are vertical hunters that trap their prey with light. The basking shark is a cosmopolitan migratory species, found in all the world's temperate oceans. The basking shark is a passive filter feeder, filtering zooplankton, small fish, and invertebrates from up to 2,000 tons of water per hour. These large fish are also classed among the filter feeder sharks. With a wide, gaping mouth, prominent eyes, and tadpole-like body shape, this goofy looking catch baffled the crew, since its appearance was very different from the typical shark. [citation needed]. Examples of these filter feeders are basking sharks, whale sharks, and baleen whales. Since a Whale shark is a filter feeder it is known to be very gentle, in fact its nick name is "gentle giant". Though they reach the size of a school bus, whale sharks eat tiny plankton and fish eggs, which they filter feed as they swim slowly along with their giant mouths wide . But the elusive megamouth? Bivalves are aquatic molluscs which have two-part shells. Like the whale shark, the megamouth shark is a filter-feeder with an unusually large mouth. A megamouth shark swims just beneath the ocean surface. Kennedy, Jennifer. Other ctenochasmatoids lack these, and are now instead thought to have been spoonbill-like catchers, using their specialised teeth simply to offer a larger surface area. They are an important food source for herring, cod, flounder, and striped bass. . Just a few of the more than 300 species of shark are like this. The suborder contains four families and fourteen species. Today that process would take almost a year,[12] and sediment, nutrients, and algae can cause problems in local waters. commensalism Remora/Shark: Remoras attach themselves to a shark's body. Yet the large body size of creatures may help them be filter feeders. A slow-moving filter feeder, its common name derives from its habit of feeding at the surface, appearing to be basking in the warmer water there. These plates are triangular in section with the largest, inward-facing side bearing fine hairs forming a filtering mat. Filter feeders can be as small as a little mussel or as large as a blue whale. ThoughtCo, Oct. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-is-a-filter-feeder-2291891. Examples of a filter feeder include mysids, flamingos, clams, krill, sponges and whale sharks. Today that process would take almost a year, and sediment, nutrients, and algae can cause problems in local waters. The Great White Shark They are among the top predators of the sea, and none prey on them (except Orcas). Antarctic krill manages to directly utilize the minute phytoplankton cells, which no other higher animal of krill size can do. (May 8, 2008)http://www.mdsg.umd.edu/CQ/V06N2/side2/index.html, "Animal." Adult menhaden can filter up to four gallons of water a minute and play an important role in clarifying ocean water. Most forage fish are filter feeders. Most forage fish are filter feeders. 8. The motion is so slow that copepods cannot sense it and do not react with an escape response. However, some sauropsids have been suggested to have engaged in filter feeding. The sponge expels the water through an opening known as the oscula. 62(7):1385-8, See Hickman and Roberts (2001) Integrated principles of zoology 11th ed., p. 247. The filtered water is then expelled through a separate exhalant siphon. Whale Shark This monster shark is not dangerous to people because its a filter feeder Its the biggest fish in the sea Sunlight Plants need this to produce their own food and energy Owl Mice should beware of this predatory bird at night Lion This predator hunts zebras and antelope Piranha This carnivorous fish lives in the Amazon Shrimp [28] In 1976, an odd-looking creature became entangled with a Navy research vessels anchor off the coast of Hawaii. An animal that lives in another plant or animal and eats that plant or animals without killing it. Another of the ocean's giant filter-feeders, the megamouth shark reaches lengths of between 13 to 16 feet. But despite sharing a similar feeding strategy, the three are not closely related and it is likely that they each evolved filter feeding independently. Unlike the other large filter feeders, it relies only on the water that is pushed through the gills by swimming; the megamouth shark and whale shark can suck or pump water through their gills. The water passes through their gills, and food is trapped by bristle-like gill rakers. 2011. Tellingly, these teeth, while small and numerous, are comparatively unspecialised to the baleen-like teeth of Pterodaustro. Rieppel, O. Bivalves filter-feed by straining organic matter from the water using their gills. Higher magnification showing a prey item, probably a copepod. Whale shark 5. It was 40.3 feet long (12.3 m). Some animals that do this are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales and many fish such as sharks. About 20 species of fish, including sardines and mackerel filter feed [source: Parker]. [9] The Basking Shark is a large, slow-moving fish that is found in temperate and tropical waters all over the world. The megamouth has a long tail with a longer top caudal fin than the lower. SPINY DOGFISH SHARK: the most abundant shark 3 to 4 feet long slightly poisonous spines (not very harmful to people) used by people for food and research. They are a really beautiful species that schools together nicely and also does not grow super large in size. Gotch, A. F. (1995) [1979]. One interesting-looking prehistoric filter feeder was Tamisiocaris borealis, a lobster-like animal that had bristled limbs that it may have used to trap its prey. Description of the Whale Shark. She serves as the executive director of the Blue Ocean Society for Marine Conservation. The class has 30,000 species, including scallops, clams, oysters and mussels. "The Encyclopedia of Sharks." Yes! [6] Manta rays can time their arrival at the spawning of large shoals of fish and feed on the free-floating eggs and sperm. Have you ever been so lazy that you didn't want to get up off the couch for a snack? The moon jellyfish has a grid of fibres which are slowly pulled through the water. "What Is a Filter Feeder?" Some animals that use this method of feeding are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales, and many fish (including some sharks). Unlike other sharks a Whale sharks is a filter feeder. Because a blue whale is the largest living animal, maybe even the largest animal that has ever lived, and it eats other animals for food using filter feeding, the blue whale is considered the largest living omnivore. Then these tentacles slowly turn in a corkscrew motion to bring the prey to the jellyfish's mouth. Filter feeding habits are conspicuously rare among Mesozoic marine reptiles, the main filter feeding niche being seemingly instead occupied by pachycormid fish. When schools of little fish are hard to find, the large fish can endure a little starvation, as they swim farther and longer to find more food. Basking sharks love zooplankton. Nurse shark 10. . This is accomplished through filter feeding, using the krill's developed front legs, providing for a very efficient filtering apparatus:[8] the six thoracopods form a very effective "feeding basket" used to collect phytoplankton from the open water. Order Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks), Family Rhincodontidae (whale sharks) Share. 2008. 10 Sharks That Are Critically Endangered, CERTAIN CONTENT THAT APPEARS ON THIS SITE COMES FROM AMAZON SERVICES LLC. These enormous creatures have some of the most fascinating teeth which attracts people and makes it a great hobby for people to collect them. Being filter feeders mean that whale sharks just open their mouth and swim, allowing everything into their mouth. 2001. They are active filter feeders which means they either suction water into their mouths or they ram feed which means they swim forward forcing the water and food into their mouths. It's been found all over the globe, from Japan to Africa, and is extremely rare. Though often found in the open water, they tend to stay near the surface of the water. He has also worked for the The signature small filter feeder, Antarctic krill, rival human beings for the species with the greatest biomass on the planet. But . Please be respectful of copyright. filter feeding, in zoology, a form of food procurement in which food particles or small organisms are randomly strained from water. Tellingly, these teeth, while small and numerous, are comparatively unspecialised to the baleen-like teeth of Pterodaustro. The filtering apparatus is composed of 20 unique filtering pads that completely occlude the pharyngeal cavity. Mysids have a high resistance to toxins in polluted areas, and may contribute to high toxin levels in their predators. They are currently listed as a vulnerable species; however, they continue to be hunted in parts of Asia, such as the Philippines. Their goal was to deploy Crittercams on whale sharks to get a glimpse of the sharks underwater world and to better understand their behavior along the reef. [10], The baleen whales (Mysticeti), one of two suborders of the Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), are characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water, rather than teeth. (2020, October 29). This means that it opens its mouth and strains its food through a filtering structure. "What Is a Filter Feeder?" Most bivalves are filter feeders (although some have taken up scavenging and predation), extracting organic matter from the sea in which they live. Chesapeake Quarterly Online. Great whites are the type of shark that everyone thinks about whenever they hear the word shark, and they are often thought of as man eating monsters due to films. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? "The basking shark is the second largest fish in the sea and I regard it as Britain's most . For now, the life of the megamouth remains a mystery. How did tobacco shape the southern colonies? Other filter-feeding cnidarians include sea pens, sea fans, plumose anemones, and Xenia. Contents Fish Crustaceans Baleen whales Bivalves Sponges Cnidarians Flamingos Seals, for example, can be up to 50% fat. Organisms get trapped in small, tooth-like structures called dermal denticles, and in the pharynx. an animal that eats both plants and animals, This insectivore has a long tongue and nose, which it uses to lick up ants, An animal that finds already dead animals to eat, This omnivore eats berries in summer and salmon in the fall, Many filter feeders in the ocean eat this, A desert scavenger that can often be seen flying above dead animals, Animals get this from eating other animals, An animal that is hunted by other animals, This insect spreads parasites when it drinks the blood of animals. They may be large, but both the whale shark and the basking shark are harmless filter feeders that only eat plankton. As a filter feeder, the species follows the dense populations of plankton near the surface. If an aquatic animal isn't a filter feeder, it has to be a bulk feeder or bottom feeder. Megamouth Sharks prefer warm tropical waters and are found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Great white sharks, tiger sharks, and bull sharks are among the few shark species known to attack humans. Encyclopdia Britannica. Present vivid details of the event in clear chronological order. This makes them ideal for sharks. A filter feeder uses some mechanism, like a filter basket, or baleen (as in baleen and blue whales) to gather aquatic prey, usually plankton (a blanket term for small aquatic animals and plants) and siphon it to their mouths for consumption and digestion. physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, and futurism. Buried bivalves feed by extending a siphon to the surface. Blue shark 7. The Whale Shark diet consists mainly of zooplankton. Photograph by Kelly-Marie Monger, National Geographic Your Shot, Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Water enters the sponge through a pore called the ostra. This stratagem is also employed by whale sharks. They are active filter feeders which means they either suction water into their mouths or they ram feed which means they swim forward forcing the water and food into their mouths. Bivalves are also largely used as bioindicators to monitor the health of an aquatic environment, either fresh- or seawater. Right whales are slow swimmers with large heads and mouths. It is one out of three sharks that are filter feeders. This distinguishes them from the other suborder of cetaceans, the toothed whales (Odontoceti). Interesting Facts About Whale Sharks - Whale Shark Fun Facts. Whitetip reef shark 12. ISBN 0-8160-3377-3. mussels, oysters, scallops), and sponges. It populates the tropical and warm temperate waters worldwide. A mans world? The process is fascinating, but they just look odd to me. However, because Leuconia has more than 2 million flagellated chambers whose combined diameter is much greater than that of the canals, water flow through chambers slows to 3.6cm per hour. The Megamouth Shark is the smallest of the three filter feeder sharks. But despite sharing a similar feeding strategy, the three are not closely related and it is likely that they each evolved filter feeding independently. It is extremely long-lived, with some individuals thought to be over 300 years old. it was awesome Im 10 and i used this for a science project. Dordrecht, 359 p. Stadmark and Conley. Springer. These magnificent creatures have a truly unique way of filter feeding. Kennedy, Jennifer. Jennifer Kennedy, M.S., is an environmental educator specializing in marine life. Animals that feed by straining food from water. Though they are all gentle giants sharing the same diet, each species has a unique biology, habitat, and behavior. 2. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? They can grow to over 60 feet (18 meters) and weigh over 21 tons, and their diet . The whale shark's flattened head sports a blunt snout above its mouth with short barbels protruding from its nostrils. [23][24], Filter feeding habits are conspicuously rare among Mesozoic marine reptiles, the main filter feeding niche being seemingly instead occupied by pachycormid fish. Weeeee Whale shark should be at #1 it's the most calmest shark and does not attack humans but sometimes mistakes humans for prey but there have been no fatal attacks. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? The megamouth is a deep-water species and rarely seen by humans. To understand megamouth feeding may require looking beyond sharks to another large finned creaturebaleen whales. Baleen whales typically seek out a concentration of zooplakton, swim through it, either open-mouthed or gulping, and filter the prey from the water using their baleens. In addition to these bony fish, four types of cartilaginous fishes are also filter feeders. This deep-sea shark is known as a megamouth shark because it can reach depths of 15,000 feet. Types of Shark Species Off the Peruvian Coast. They prefer tropical and subtropical waters, with temperatures averaging 72 degrees fahrenheit. whale shark The whale shark is one of three large filter-feeding sharks; the others are the megamouth shark ( Megachasma pelagios) and the basking shark ( Cetorhinus maximus ). Species like blue and humpback whales engulf their prey in gigantic gulps and then slowly sift the water back out through their baleen. Why is the world's biggest landfill in the Pacific Ocean. The maximum size of whale sharks is not known, but could be as large as 20m. Gray whales live in shallow waters feeding primarily on bottom-living organisms such as amphipods.[11]. Like Basking Sharks they are passive filter feeders. This filter feeding shark isnt even well known among marine biologists. For example, the average harvested mussel contains: 0.81.2% nitrogen and 0.060.08% phosphorus[15] Removal of enhanced biomass can not only combat eutrophication and also support the local economy by providing product for animal feed or compost. You May Also Like: Explore These 25 Different Types of Sharks with Photos, Cute Infographic, Facts, and more! The baleen whales (Mysticeti), one of two suborders of the Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), are characterized by having baleen plates for filtering food from water, rather than teeth. In addition to being an avid blogger, Michael is particularly This shark is unique because of its high, distinct ridges over its eyes. Filter feeders engage in one of the four major types of feeding, the others being deposit feeding (eating particles in soil), fluid feeding (as in spiders and hummingbirds), and bulk feeding (as in humans and most other animals). Until that million-dollar shot, we can only imagine and revel in the knowledge that a massive shark still leaves us stumped. Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. They are filter feeders. 2002."sponge." Megamouth Sharks tend to follow the vertical migration patterns of plankton. (May 9, 2008)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/560783/sponge, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security. Sand Tiger Shark 14. The scientist's theory was mostly conjecture, so the board of directors How did tobacco produced in the seventeenth-century southern colonies change European social and economic life? Filter feeders can help clear water. A primitive type of shark, the bluntnose sixgill is thought to date back to the Triassic period, when dinosaurs still walked the earth. For example, oysters draw water in over their gills through the beating of cilia. There have been some estimates that Basking Sharks can reach up to 33 ft in length. Its back and sides are gray to brown with white spots among pale vertical and horizontal stripes, and its belly is white. Mussels open their shells and draw in food, filtering food particles over their gills, while clams use mucus on their gills to catch plankton as they push water in and out of their siphons [source: Chesapeake Quarterly]. Buried bivalves feed by extending a siphon to the surface. The megamouths strategy, however, is still a mysteryno one has ever seen them feeding. In bivalves such as the clam, the gills, larger than necessary for respiration, also function to strain . Great white sharks will also eat fishes and occasionally sea turtles. Here are some of the most common sharks in Peru, some fun facts, and important info on how much of a threat they are to humans including how likely you are to see one! Gentle Giant: The Megamouth Shark Its two dorsal fins are set rearward on its body, which ends in a large dual-lobbed caudal fin (or tail). What type of feeder is the clam? [11] Baleen whales typically eat krill in polar or subpolar waters during summers, but can also take schooling fish, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Clams, krill and coral are filter feeders who keep the oceans clean by removing toxins and pollutants from the water column as they feed. pp. How much water does a whale shark filter? Let's find out! Shortfin mako shark 4. A Whale shark has a dot and a stripe pattern. Filter feeders range from the very small (krill) to the very large (blue whale). The whale shark, like the world's second largest fish, the basking shark, is a filter feeder. Some birds such as flamingos are also filter feeders. Oysters filter these pollutants, and either eat them or shape them into small packets that are deposited on the bottom where they are harmless. But some species, including a few of the biggest fish in the sea, spend their whole lives filter feeding. Basking Sharks have a larger range than Whale Sharks. The study also concluded they have soft fins ill-suited for swimming at speeds necessary for trapping krill and restricted gill openings that wouldnt allow enough water to flow out of its mouth while moving. [19] Such a flow rate allows easy food capture by the collar cells. However, because Leuconia has more than 2 million flagellated chambers whose combined diameter is much greater than that of the canals, water flow through chambers slows to 3.6cm per hour. The phagocytes in the human immune system use phagocytosis to consume invaders such as bacteria. Filter feeding is a type of aquatic eating where you simply open up your mouth and take in whatever happens to be there while filtering out the undesirable parts. Perhaps this shark represents one particular way to filter feed that evolved prior to the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period that killed off roughly 75 percent of all marine species. Great Hammerhead shark 9. passionate about stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and life extension therapies. (Manta birostris) and basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus). Engineer Graham Wilhelm joined National Geographic Emerging Explorer Brad Norman on an expedition to Ningaloo Reef, Australias longest fringing reef. [20], Flamingos filter-feed on brine shrimp. As with many shark species, the females are larger than the males and can get up to 18 feet long. This is accomplished through filter feeding, using the krill's developed front legs, providing for a very efficient filtering apparatus: the six thoracopods form a very effective "feeding basket" used to collect phytoplankton from the open water. And though a number of creatures rely on ocean currents to bring by their dinner, for other animals, it's not about laziness. It may be surprising that some of the biggest fish in the sea, including baleen whales and some sharks, are filter feeders. Henodus was a placodont with unique baleen-like denticles and features of the hyoid and jaw musculature comparable to those of flamingos. The mechanism is theorized to be a technique called cross-flow filtration, similar to some bony fish and baleen whales. All rights reserved. Filter feeders are animals that get their food by moving water through a structure that acts as a sieve. So how do they do it? Taylor Where is the Lemon Shark?

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